ROLE OF MUSHROOMS IN AGRICULTURE
Availability of biological agents in natural endowment would be a huge potential. This needs to be known and continue transmitted to farmers, extension workers and other agricultural stakeholders. Biological agents which we will discuss today is the fungus Trichoderma. Potential antagonistic fungus Trichoderma as a preventive against fungal plant disease has made it increasingly widely used by farmers in an effort to control plant pests (OPT). Besides its character as an antagonist also known that Trichoderma, sp. Also serve as decomposers in the manufacture of organic fertilizer. Trichoderma applications in plant breeding in order to anticipate pest as early as possible to prove that the level of farmers awareness of the importance of preventive protection has grown slowly.
Trichoderma sp are often used to control Fusariumoxysporum (cause stem rot disease on vanilla plant), Phytophtora sp (cause stem rot disease in pepper plants) and Rigidoporus lignosus (white root disease-causing fungus on plants Rubber). It is also effective in controlling Phytium sp which is a soil borne pathogens causing damping-off disease in nuts.
This fungus has several advantages, among others:
1. Easily isolated, developed, and widespread power adaptation
2. Easily found in soil planting area, allows for growth at the moment the application easier.
3. Can grow rapidly on a variety of substrates.
4. It has a wide range mikroparasitisme.
5. generally not patoen in plants.
Trichoderma fungi have the ability to increase the speed of plant growth and development, particularly its ability to cause the production of healthy roots and increase the depth of the root (deeper below ground level). This deeper root causes plants to become more resistant to drought, such as the corn crop and ornamental plants.
The mechanism of antagonistic fungi can be understood as follows. When pathogenic microbes are in a period of dormancy, antagonistic fungus Trichoderma attacks can cause biological damage pathogen inoculum. This antagonistic mechanism may be predation, perparasi, and parasitism propagules. Another form of antagonism is the suppression of germination of propagules through the competition of carbon, nitrogen, iron ions, oxygen and other important elements. While on the surface tanman antagonists include antibiosis, competition and predation.
Mikoparasitisme of Trichoderma sp. is a complex process consisting of several stages in the attacking host. Initial interaction of Trichoderma sp. ie by hifanya veering towards fungal host attacked, indicating a phenomenon kemotropik response to Trichoderma sp. due to the stimulation of the host hyfa or chemical compounds released by host fungus. When mikoparasit it reaches its host, then twist or squeeze hifanya host hyphae by forming structures such as hooks (hook-like structure), this mikoparasit Juka sometimes penetrate the host mycelium with partially degrade the host cell wall.
Mechanism of action of Trichoderma spp. (One of which is T. koningii) is suppressing the development of antibiotic formation by JAP and mikroparasitisme, competition and colonization rizomorfa. The mechanism of destruction of Root Fungus White (JAP) occurs through the process of lysis of mycelium and rizomorfa. Lysis is an enzymatic process by cellulose enzymes produced by T. koningii.
Trichoderma harzianum suppress fungal growth in plants phythoptora infestan kentang.Jamur fungus Trichoderma isolates harsianum is local, so when using compost will support the breeding of these Trichoderma that can suppress the growth of phythopthora dilahan potatoes. Trichoderma is one type of fungus mikroparasitik / parasitic fungi against lain.Nah because sifat2 this that Trichoderma can be utilized as a biocontrol agent against fungal jenis2 fitopatogen. Advantages and keunggulanya is easily monitored and can proliferate, so its presence in the environment can survive.
