Empat Cara Mengawetkan Jamur Tiram

Ditemukan teknologi mengawetkan jamur tiram, sehingga daya tahannya meningkat dari hanya tiga hari menjadi sebulan lebih. Bahkan kalau dikalengkan ia tahan dua tahun.

Di Jepang, Taiwan, Hongaria, Prancis dan Swis, Jamur kayu ini biasanya dikalengkan. Di Indonesia, Ir. Tien R. Muchtadi dari Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB mencoba memperpanjang masa simpan jamur tiram dengan empat cara : pengawetan segar, pengalengan, pengeringan dan irradiasi.

Pengawetan Segar

Cara ini disebut pengawetan segar karena jamur disimpan dalam keadaan basah dan tidak dimasak. Disini jamur diawetkan dengan bantuan natrium bisulfit 0,1-0,2%. Dosis itu masih dibawah aturan Departemen Kesehatan yang mensyaratkan pemakain pengawet kimiawi maksimal 0,3% (di bawah 3.000 ppm. Natrium bisulfit dipakai karena ia bersifat anti mikroba dan menghambat proses perubahan warna jamur dari putih menjadi kecokelatan akibat reaksi enzim polifenolase pada jamur karena pengaruh udara.

Pengawetan segar mampu memperpanjang masa simpan jamur sampai satu bulan tanpa perubahan rasa, warna, bau. Menurut Tie Muchtadi, cara ini cocok diterapkan pada industri rumah tangga karena mudah pelaksanaannya.

Langkah pertama, jamur dipotong tanggkainya dan dicuci sampai bersih. Setelah itu jamur yang nama lainnya shimeiji ini diblanching (direbus) dengan larutan 0,1% asam sitrat selama lima menit pada suhu 65%C.

Tahap berikut, jamur yang sudah aga lunak dicuci dengan air matang dan ditiriskan. Setelah semua air keluar, ia direndam lagi dalam larutan garam (NaCI), asam sitrat 0,5% dan natrium bisulfit 0,1-0,2%, berikutnya jamur bersama larutannya dimasukan ke dalam botol tertutup dan disimpan.

Pengaleng

Jamur yang dikalengkan disimpan selama dua tahun tanpa terjadi perubahan rasa, warna dan bau. Tiga tahap pertama dalam proses pengalengan sama dengan pengawetan segar. Cuma setelah direbus dan ditiriskan, jamur dimasukan ke kaleng bersama-sama air dingin yang matang, natrium bisulfit dan garam secukupnya.

Kaleng yang masih terbuka tutupnya itu kemudian direbus di panci dengan air mendidih selama 5-10 m3nit agar udara dalm kaleng keluar. Setelah itu kaleng ditutup dan disterilisasi dengan cara merebus kaleng selama 35 menit pada sushu 100%C. Setelah dingin, baru disimpan.

Irradiasi

Cara ini merupakan yang paling mudah. Jamur tiram yang sudah bersih dikemas dalam wadah seperti piring kemudian ditutup plastik polietilen. Jamur dalam wadah itu kemudian diirradiasi dengan sinar gamma cobalt 60. Teknik ini bisa mengawetkan jamur satu bulan. Repotnya, petani terpaksa menghubungi Batan (Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional) untuk "menyinari" jamurnya.

Pengeringan

Pengeringan dilakukan dengan alat khusus yang dinamakan fresh drier. Tujuannya agar jamur tidak keriput dan berubah warna. Caranya, setelah direbus dan direndam dalam larutan natrium bisulfit selama 10 menit, jamur dimasukan ke freezer agar membeku. Seterusnya ia dimasukan lagi ke fresh drier selama 5-6 jam, baru dikemas dengan plastik polipropilen. Cara ini sanggup mengawetkan jamur tiram sampai enam bulan.

Diposting oleh Unknown 06.30 0 komentar

PERAN JAMUR PADA PERTANIAN

ROLE OF MUSHROOMS IN AGRICULTURE

Apparently Trichoderma sp is not only used for biological fertilizer / fungicide biology course but there are other benefits, maspary at Gate Farms is back posting about this one fungus.

Availability of biological agents in natural endowment would be a huge potential. This needs to be known and continue transmitted to farmers, extension workers and other agricultural stakeholders. Biological agents which we will discuss today is the fungus Trichoderma. Potential antagonistic fungus Trichoderma as a preventive against fungal plant disease has made it increasingly widely used by farmers in an effort to control plant pests (OPT). Besides its character as an antagonist also known that Trichoderma, sp. Also serve as decomposers in the manufacture of organic fertilizer. Trichoderma applications in plant breeding in order to anticipate pest as early as possible to prove that the level of farmers awareness of the importance of preventive protection has grown slowly.

Trichoderma sp are often used to control Fusariumoxysporum (cause stem rot disease on vanilla plant), Phytophtora sp (cause stem rot disease in pepper plants) and Rigidoporus lignosus (white root disease-causing fungus on plants Rubber). It is also effective in controlling Phytium sp which is a soil borne pathogens causing damping-off disease in nuts.

This fungus has several advantages, among others:

1. Easily isolated, developed, and widespread power adaptation

2. Easily found in soil planting area, allows for growth at the moment the application easier.

3. Can grow rapidly on a variety of substrates.

4. It has a wide range mikroparasitisme.

5. generally not patoen in plants.

Trichoderma fungi have the ability to increase the speed of plant growth and development, particularly its ability to cause the production of healthy roots and increase the depth of the root (deeper below ground level). This deeper root causes plants to become more resistant to drought, such as the corn crop and ornamental plants.

The mechanism of antagonistic fungi can be understood as follows. When pathogenic microbes are in a period of dormancy, antagonistic fungus Trichoderma attacks can cause biological damage pathogen inoculum. This antagonistic mechanism may be predation, perparasi, and parasitism propagules. Another form of antagonism is the suppression of germination of propagules through the competition of carbon, nitrogen, iron ions, oxygen and other important elements. While on the surface tanman antagonists include antibiosis, competition and predation.

Mikoparasitisme of Trichoderma sp. is a complex process consisting of several stages in the attacking host. Initial interaction of Trichoderma sp. ie by hifanya veering towards fungal host attacked, indicating a phenomenon kemotropik response to Trichoderma sp. due to the stimulation of the host hyfa or chemical compounds released by host fungus. When mikoparasit it reaches its host, then twist or squeeze hifanya host hyphae by forming structures such as hooks (hook-like structure), this mikoparasit Juka sometimes penetrate the host mycelium with partially degrade the host cell wall.

Mechanism of action of Trichoderma spp. (One of which is T. koningii) is suppressing the development of antibiotic formation by JAP and mikroparasitisme, competition and colonization rizomorfa. The mechanism of destruction of Root Fungus White (JAP) occurs through the process of lysis of mycelium and rizomorfa. Lysis is an enzymatic process by cellulose enzymes produced by T. koningii.

Trichoderma harzianum suppress fungal growth in plants phythoptora infestan kentang.Jamur fungus Trichoderma isolates harsianum is local, so when using compost will support the breeding of these Trichoderma that can suppress the growth of phythopthora dilahan potatoes. Trichoderma is one type of fungus mikroparasitik / parasitic fungi against lain.Nah because sifat2 this that Trichoderma can be utilized as a biocontrol agent against fungal jenis2 fitopatogen. Advantages and keunggulanya is easily monitored and can proliferate, so its presence in the environment can survive.

Diposting oleh Unknown 21.45 0 komentar